沖床對材料施以壓力,使其塑性變形,而得到所要求的形狀與精度,因此必須配合一組模具(分上模與下模),將材料置于其間,由機器施加壓力,使其變形,加工時施加于材料之力所造成之反作用力,由沖床機械本體所吸收。
沖床的設(she)計原(yuan)理是將(jiang)圓(yuan)周運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為直(zhi)(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong),由主電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機出(chu)力,帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)飛輪,經(jing)離合器帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)齒輪、曲軸(或偏(pian)心齒輪)、連桿等運(yun)轉(zhuan),來(lai)達成(cheng)(cheng)滑塊(kuai)的直(zhi)(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong),從主電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機到(dao)連桿的運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)為圓(yuan)周運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。連桿和滑塊(kuai)之(zhi)間需(xu)有(you)圓(yuan)周運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和直(zhi)(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的轉(zhuan)接點,其設(she)計上大(da)致(zhi)有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)機構,一種(zhong)為球型,一種(zhong)為銷型(圓(yuan)柱型) ,經(jing)由這個機構將(jiang)圓(yuan)周運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)滑塊(kuai)的直(zhi)(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
沖(chong)床生產(chan)(chan)主要(yao)是針(zhen)對板(ban)材的(de)。通過(guo)(guo)模具(ju),能做出落(luo)料(liao),沖(chong)孔,成(cheng)型,拉深(shen),修整(zheng),精沖(chong),整(zheng)形(xing),鉚接及擠壓(ya)件(jian)等等,廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于各(ge)個(ge)領域。在(zai)國民生產(chan)(chan)中,沖(chong)壓(ya)工藝由于比較傳統機(ji)械(xie)加工來(lai)說有(you)節(jie)約材料(liao)和能源,效率高(gao),對操作者(zhe)技術要(yao)求不高(gao)及通過(guo)(guo)各(ge)種模具(ju)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)可以(yi)做出機(ji)械(xie)加工所無(wu)法(fa)達(da)到的(de)產(chan)(chan)品這些優點,因而它的(de)用(yong)(yong)途越來(lai)越廣(guang)泛(fan)。我們用(yong)(yong)的(de)開(kai)關插(cha)座,杯子(zi),碗柜,碟子(zi),電腦機(ji)箱(xiang),甚至(zhi)導(dao)彈飛(fei)機(ji)……有(you)非常(chang)多的(de)配件(jian)都(dou)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)沖(chong)床通過(guo)(guo)模具(ju)生產(chan)(chan)出來(lai)。